ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine and compare the chemical composition; oxidation indicators; ether extract (EE) digestibility; and digestible, metabolizable, and net energy (DE, ME, and NE, respectively) content of distillers corn oil (DCO) from Brazil (CBR) and the United States (CUS), with refined (RSB) and degummed soybean oil (DSB) from Brazil offered to pigs. Fifty crossbred barrows (23.1±3.4 kg body weight) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, or diets composed of 90% basal diet and 10% of one of the four oil sources (CBR, CUS, RSB, or DSB). Pigs were fed an amount of their respective experimental diets equivalent to 2.8 times the maintenance DE requirement for 9 d (sequentially 7 d for adaptation and 2 d for partial collection of feces). Distillers corn oil from Brazil contained lower linoleic acid (47.4%) than CUS (53.9%), RSB (54.2%), and DSB (51.5%), but greater contents of oleic (32.1%) and palmitic (14.6%) acids compared to CUS (27.0 and 12.9%), RSB (22.9 and 11.2%), and DSB (23.5 and 11.2%). The moisture and unsaponifiable contents of CBR (0.17 and 1.64%) and CUS (0.20 and 1.64%) were similar, but greater than the values found for RSB (0.05 and 1.20%) and DSB (0.12 and 1.02%). The anisidine value, free fatty acid content, and acidity of DCO samples were higher than soybean oils. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric reactive substances content increased in the oil samples over time. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy and the DE, ME and NE values of the oils did not differ among oil sources and ranged from 87.8 to 91.5%, and from 8280 to 8630, 8139 to 8459, and 7162 to 7444 kcal/kg, respectively. The ATTD of EE was greater in RSB and DSB than for CBR, but similar to CUS. The DCO produced in Brazil is an excellent energy source for pigs, with DE, ME, and NE values similar to those of DCO from the US and soybean oils.

ABSTRACT: The chemical composition of corn is variable and the knowledge of its chemical and energetic composition is required for an accurate formulation of the diet. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, that is, dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE) and energetic values of different varieties (batches) of corn and validate mathematical models to predict the metabolizable energy values (ME) of corn for pigs using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Corn samples were scanned in the spectrum range between 1,100 and 2,500 nm, the model parameters were estimated by the modified partial least squares (MPLS) method. Ten prediction equations were inserted into the NIRS and used to estimate the ME values. The first degree linear regression models of the estimated ME values in function of the observed ME values were adjusted. The existence of a linear ratio was evaluated by detecting the significance to posterior estimates of the straight line parameters. The values of digestible energy and ME ranged from 3,400 to 3,752 and 3,244 to 3,611 kcal kg−1, respectively. The prediction equations, ME1 = 4334 – 8.1MM + 4.1EE – 3.7NDF; ME2 = 4,194 – 9.2MM + 1.0CP + 4.1EE – 3.5NDF; and ME7 = 16.13 – 9.5NDF + 16EE + (23CP × NDF) – (138MM × NDF) were the most adequate to predict the ME values of corn by using NIRS.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo, determinar a composição química, a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o nitrogênio (EMAn) e a metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do farelo da semente de maracujá (FSM) para codornas. Foram utilizadas 100 codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix japonica) com 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos constituíram de diferentes níveis de FSM (4,0; 8,0; 12,0; 16,0%) em substituição a ração referência. Valores metabolizáveis foram determinados por ajuste de equações lineares. O FSM pode ser caracterizado como um alimento alternativo para codornas de corte e seus principais compostos são a energia bruta (5.569 kcal kg-1), PB (11,34%), EE (18,84%) e FDN (50,22%), na matéria natural. Foram ajustadas as equações EMA = 2.976 + 5,877 x (r2 = 0,94) e EMAn = 2.939 + 4,864 x (r2 = 0,95), assim, a EMA e EMAn foram estimadas em 2.976 e 2.939 kcal kg-1, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, foram ajustadas equações para PB, EE, FDN e MS resultando em valores metabolizáveis de 6,35, 17,9, 12,48 e 45,66%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os principais componentes do farelo da semente de maracujá são a energia bruta, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro, e a EMA e EMAn para codornas de corte é de 2.976 e 2.939 kcal kg-1, respectivamente.

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the metabolizability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of passion fruit seed meal (PFM) for quails. One hundred meat quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with 21 days old, allotted in a completely randomized design, with four treatments, five replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of different levels PFM (4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0%) that replaced the basal diet (w/w). Metabolizable values were determined by fitting linear equations the PFM can be characterized as an alternative feedstuff for meat quails and the main chemical compounds are gross energy (5,569 kcal kg-1), CP (11.34%), EE (18.84%) and NDF (50.22%), as fed basis. Linear equations were fitted as follow: AME = 2,976 x + 5.877 (r2 = 0.94) and AMEn = 2,939 x + 4.864 (r2 = 0.95), thus AME and AMEn were estimated at 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg-1, respectively. Additionaly, equations were adjusted for CP, EE, NFD and DM, respectively resulting in a metabolization of 6.35, 17.9, 12.48 and 45.66%. It is concluded that main components of the passion fruit seed meal are gross energy, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber and its AME and AMEn for meat quails are 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg-1, respectively.